Sisitemu yo kugenzura imikorere ijyanye n'igihe kimwe
Ibisobanuro by'igicuruzwa
Ubwa mbere, ni ibihe bintu bisabwa kugira ngo ibikoresho bya generator bikore neza icyarimwe?
Uburyo bwose bwo gushyira generator mu bikorwa bihurirana bwitwa gukora bihurirana. Itsinda rya mbere rya generator rizakora, voltage yoherezwa kuri bisi, naho irindi generator rikazakorwa nyuma yo gutangira, hamwe n'itsinda ryabanje rya generator, bigomba kuba mu gihe cyo gufunga, itsinda rya generator ntirigomba kugaragara nk'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wangiza, umugozi ntushobora gukubitwa n'impanuka itunguranye. Nyuma yo gufunga, rotator igomba gukururwa vuba kugira ngo ihuzwe. (ni ukuvuga ko umuvuduko wa rotator ungana n'umuvuduko wagenwe). Kubwibyo, itsinda rya generator rigomba kuba ryujuje ibi bikurikira:
1. Agaciro gafatika n'imiterere y'umuraba w'amashanyarazi bigomba kuba bimwe.
2. Ingano y'amashanyarazi y'imashini ebyiri zitanga umuriro ni imwe.
3. Inshuro z'amaseti abiri ya moteri ni imwe.
4. Urukurikirane rw'icyiciro cy'amaseti abiri ya moteri rurahuye.
Icya kabiri, ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhuza imiterere y’ibikoresho bya generator bukoresha quasi-synchronous? Ni gute wakora guhuza imiterere y’ibikoresho icyarimwe?
Igihe cya Quasi-synchronous ni cyo gihe nyacyo. Hamwe n'uburyo bwa quasi-synchronous bwo gukora ibintu icyarimwe, voltage ya generator igomba kuba imwe, frequency ni imwe kandi phase irahoraho, ishobora gukurikiranwa na voltmeter ebyiri, frequency ebyiri na synchronous na non-synchronous indicators zashyizwe kuri disiki ihuriranye, kandi intambwe zo gukora zihuriranye ni izi zikurikira:
Imashini imwe ikoresha amashanyarazi irafungwa, hanyuma voltage yoherezwa kuri bisi bar, mu gihe indi mashini iri mu gihe cyo guhagarara.
Funga intangiriro y'igihe kimwe, hindura umuvuduko w'itsinda rya generator rihagaze, ku buryo ringana cyangwa ryegereye umuvuduko w'itsinda rya generator (itandukaniro ry'inshuro n'indi unit mu gihe cy'igice cy'uruziga), hindura voltage y'itsinda rya generator rihagaze, ku buryo rigera hafi y'itsinda rya generator rihagaze, iyo frequency na voltage bisa, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka kw'imbonerahamwe ihoraho uba muto kandi ugenda buhoro, kandi urumuri rw'icyitegererezo narwo rurabagirana kandi rwirabura icyarimwe; Iyo icyiciro cy'itsinda rigomba guhuzwa ari kimwe n'icy'ikindi gice, pointer ya meter ihoraho yerekana umwanya wo hagati hejuru, kandi itara rihoraho riba rito. Iyo itandukaniro ry'icyiciro hagati y'itsinda rigomba guhuzwa n'irindi ni rinini, meter ihoraho yerekana aho hagati hepfo, kandi itara rihoraho riba ryaka muri icyo gihe. Iyo pointer ya meter ihoraho izenguruka mu buryo bw'isaha, bigaragaza ko frequency ya generator ihoraho iri hejuru kurusha iy'irindi tsinda. Umuvuduko w'itsinda rya generator ihoraho ugomba kugabanuka, kandi umuvuduko w'itsinda rya generator ihoraho ugomba kwiyongera iyo pointer y'isaha izungurutse mu buryo bunyuranyije n'isaha. Iyo icyerekezo cy'isaha kizunguruka buhoro buhoro mu cyerekezo cy'isaha kandi icyerekezo cyegereye aho hantu hamwe, icyuma gihagarika uruziga rw'icyuma kigomba guhuzwa gihita gifungwa, ku buryo amaseti abiri ya generator aba ari kumwe. Amasasu yo gusimbuza chronograph asohoka ku ruhande rumwe n'amasasu ajyana na yo.
Icya gatatu, ni iki kigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo gushyira hamwe icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi mu buryo bungana na quasi-synchronous?
Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu buhuza imiterere y’amajwi n’amajwi, haba ubwo gukora ibintu neza kandi ubunararibonye bw’umukoresha bufite isano rikomeye, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bitandukanye bihuza imiterere y’amajwi n’amajwi, ntabwo byemewe gufunga ibintu bitatu bikurikira.
1. Iyo agace k'imbonerahamwe y'ibice bihuza (synchronous table) kagaragaye nk'ikintu cyo gusimbuka, ntibyemewe gufunga, kuko hashobora kuba hari ikintu cya kaseti imbere mu mbonerahamwe y'ibice bihuza (synchronous table), kidagaragaza imiterere ikwiye yo guhuza.
2. Iyo imbonerahamwe ihuza amashanyarazi izenguruka vuba cyane, bigaragaza ko itandukaniro ry'inshuro hagati y'itsinda ry'amashanyarazi n'irindi tsinda ry'amashanyarazi ari rinini cyane, kuko igihe cyo gufunga icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi kigoye kumenya, akenshi icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi ntigifunga icyarimwe, bityo ntibyemewe gufunga muri icyo gihe.
3. Iyo isaha ihagaze icyarimwe, ntiyemerewe gufunga. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo inshuro imwe muri moteri ihinduka mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo gufunga, birashoboka ko icyuma gifunga gusa ahantu hatajyanye n'igihe.
Icya kane, ni gute wahindura imiterere y'imbaraga zisubira inyuma z'ibice bihuriranye?
Iyo amaseti abiri ya moteri adakora, hazabaho itandukaniro ry’impinduka n’itandukaniro ry’amashanyarazi hagati y’amaseti abiri. Kandi ku gikoresho cyo kugenzura cy’ibice bibiri (ammeter, power meter, power factor meter), imiterere nyayo y’ingufu zihindagurika igaragara, imwe ni imbaraga zihindagurika ziterwa n’umuvuduko udahuye (frequency), indi ni imbaraga zihindagurika ziterwa n’ingufu zitangana, ibyo bikaba bihindurwa ku buryo bukurikira:
